1、 Impurity removal
Yarns are usually made of many short fibers of different lengths by splicing, and also by twisting long continuous monofilaments. In the process of spinning, it is necessary to remove the impurities first, that is, to process the raw materials preliminarily, also known as the preparation of spinning raw materials. Different kinds of raw materials, different kinds and properties of impurities, different processing methods and techniques. The primary processing methods of raw materials mainly include physical methods (such as ginning), chemical methods (such as degumming of hemp, scouring of silk) and physical and chemical methods (such as washing and de carbonization of wool).
2、 Release
In order to process the disordered and closely connected fibers into smooth yarns with certain requirements, it is necessary to turn the block fibers into single fibers, remove the transverse connection of fiber raw materials, and establish a firm longitudinal connection between the head and tail. The former is called the relaxation of fibers, and the latter is called the set of fibers. The release of fibers is to completely remove the transverse connection between fibers, but the damage of fibers must be reduced as much as possible. The aggregation of fibers is to reestablish an orderly longitudinal connection among the fibers that have been loosened and processed. This connection is continuous, and the fibers in the aggregation body should be evenly distributed and have a certain linear density and strength at the same time. Fiber assembly, but also need to add a certain degree of twist. The assembly process is not completed at one time, it can only be completed after carding, drafting and twisting.
3、 Opening
Loosening is tearing large fibers into small bundles. In a broad sense, degumming is also a kind of opening. With the progress of the opening, the contact force between the fiber and the impurity weakens, so that the impurity can be removed and the fiber can be mixed at the same time. The opening and impurity removal are not completed at one time, but gradually realized through reasonable allocation of tearing, striking and segmentation.
4、 Carding
The carding function is that a large number of dense needles on the carding machine further loosen the small pieces and bundles of fibers into a single state, so as to further improve the fiber loosening. After carding, the transverse connection between fibers is basically removed, and the function of impurity removal and mixing is more sufficient. However, a large number of fibers are curved and have hooks, and there is still a certain horizontal connection between each fiber. The earliest spinning machine
5、 Combs
Combing function of combing machine is to use comb to comb the fiber at both ends respectively under the grip state of more detailed carding. Combing machine can eliminate short fiber and fine defects under a certain length, and make the fiber more parallel and straight. Chemical fiber is not processed by combing machine because of its neat length, less impurities and good parallel straightening state.
6、 Draft
The drawn strip after combing is drawn and drawn to the predetermined thickness gradually. This process is called drafting. It provides a foundation for the establishment of regular connection between fibers. However, the draft will bring uneven yarn short segments, so it is necessary to configure reasonable drafting device and process parameters.
7、 Twist
Twisting is to twist the strip around its own axis so that the fibers parallel to the axis of the strip are spiraled, thus creating radial pressure to fix the longitudinal connection between the fibers.
8、 Winding
The semi-finished product or finished product is wound in a certain form to facilitate storage, transportation and processing of the next process, which is called winding. The winding process should be carried out continuously on the basis of no influence on the product output and quality. It is necessary to realize the continuous production between the processes, and minimize the quality problems caused by the winding process. In a word, spinning process generally includes raw material preparation, opening, carding, impurity removal, mixing, drawing, blending, twisting and winding, and some functions are realized through repeated and repeated.
